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Backup with Tar

To back up a directory or an entire disk, it can be very convenient to use the tar command:

Carry my script I used when I wanted to make a full backup of all my Gentoo (all partitions).
After booting with a bootable CD of Gentoo, Invoke the following script that created a full backup of the whole disk (partition for / home / roby only the configuration directory ... I did not care to back up throughout the home).
backup of each partition was created with a separate file, using a single prefix for the name of file and, as a suffix, date of creation.
It was also created another backup of the / etc directory separately, so you can access the configuration file without having to handle the largest of the backup.
messages output from the executed commands are stored in a log file separately.

NB: note that the directory / mnt / gentoo / backup (previously created) should not be considered when creating the backup!

# / bin / bash
cd / mnt
mount / dev/hda2 / mnt / gentoo / boot
mount / dev/hda6 / mnt / gentoo / var
mount / dev/hda5 / mnt / gentoo / home

if [$? ! = 0];
then echo "ERROR:"
exit -1 fi


cd / mnt / gentoo
PREFISSO_FILE = "/ mnt / gentoo / backup / distroBack"
FILE_LOG = "$ PREFISSO_FILE.log"
EST_TAR = ". Tar.gz"

DATA_START = $ ( date "+% Y% m% d_% H-% M-% S")


pwd echo "Backup etc ..."
echo "Backup etc ..." > $ FILE_LOG
tar-czpf $ PREFISSO_FILE "_etc__" $ (date "+% Y% m% d_% H-% M-% S") $ EST_TAR / mnt / gentoo / etc / * 2> & 1 - {Exclude = / mnt / gentoo / home, / mnt / gentoo / backup / mnt / gentoo / usr / portage / distfiles} / mnt / gentoo / * 2> & 1 $ FILE_LOG
echo "Backup start:" $ DATA_START>> $ FILE_LOG
echo "Backup end:" $ (date "+% Y% m% d_% H-% M-% S")>> $ FILE_LOG


cd / mnt
umount / mnt / gentoo / home
umount / mnt / gentoo / var
umount / mnt / gentoo / boot
umount / mnt / gentoo

echo "KILL ..."

poweroff exit 0

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Script to convert various audio formats to mp3

GNU / Linux offers several solutions for converting audio files from one format to another.

Carry a very simple script to convert various audio formats in MP3 format

, which may be helpful:
NB: review and GStreamer update the correct name (in my case
gst-launch-0.10
)


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Disabling the "beep" of the console

LXDE currently has a graphical management of the menu. LXDE still follows the standard
freedesktop.org.

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If the Internet connection seems to work intermittently, or sometimes freezes or the download does not seem to work, in addition to the various solutions that are on the network, this is the case also check if: parameter

MTU (TCP Maximum Transmission Unit) of the router is set to a correct and consistent for the ADSL service provider.
For more information please follow this guide: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=872346

see if the firewall has ICMP
• active filter, through the exchange of ICMP messages the system can determine the correct MTU size.
see if the router is able to successfully log on to

DNS service provider

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ADSL connection intermittent

Abstract: I remain of the view that a good system should be able to do everything from Linux console (must not have a Linux server GUI ), but many users of the Linux desktop may have life easier with some good utility to use in graphical interfaces.

Me
• have reported two:
  
  Ailurus (which I prefer)
  http://code.google.com/p/ailurus/
  for any distro.
sudo apt-add-ppa repository: Ailurus & & sudo apt-get update & & sudo apt-get install Ubuntu Tweak Ailurus
• http://ubuntu-tweak.com/
• distro for Ubuntu and derivatives.

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System utilities for Linux

On Linux some special characters are essential. With some Italian keyboard, and especially in laptops, can be obtained by using a special key [AltGr] and hold it down while pressing another key: